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What is Blood Pressure?

Blood pressure is the force that moves blood through our circulatory system.

It is a life force because, without blood pressure, the following two basic provisions would not be pushed around our circulatory system to feed tissues and organs:1

Oxygen

Nutrients.

Blood pressure is vital also because it delivers white blood cells and antibodies for immunity, and hormones such as insulin.

What is normal B.P?

Cardiologists do not really talk about a normal range - instead they work on the basis of when blood pressures should be considered too high, figures that continue to be refined by the medical research. The National Institutes of Health cites normal blood pressure to be below a certain level:5

No greater than 120 mmHg systolic and 80 mmHg diastolic.

Maintaining a healthy blood level:-

Keep a healthy body weight

Eat a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products

Cut down on sodium intake (salt in the diet)

Take regular aerobic exercise (eg, brisk walking) at least 30 minutes a day, most days of the week

Moderate your alcohol drinking - keep under a maximum of 2 drinks a day for men and 1 drink a day for women/men of lighter weight (one drink having a half ounce of alcohol).

Measuring blood pressure-

The devices in use now still have a mouthful of a name - sphygmomamometer (from the Greek for pulse, sphygmo) - but you would recognize the typical rubber armband, the cuff that is inflated by hand or machine pump.

Once the cuff is inflated enough to stop the pulse, a reading is taken, either electronically or on an analogue dial.4

The reading is expressed in terms of the pressure it takes to move mercury round a tube against gravity in traditional scientific manometers - hence the unit, millimetres of mercury, that is abbreviated to mmHg.

The Mayo Clinic offers a video to show sphygmomamometry in action - it can be done by patients themselves, and modern blood pressure devices can also be used at home for people who need a more representative record of their blood pressure than the one given by a one-off clinic reading.

Systolic and diastolic readings:-

A stethoscope - another of those longstanding devices used by doctors - identifies the precise point when the pulse sound returns as the pressure of the cuff is slowly released. Using the stethoscope enables the person measuring the blood pressure to listen out for the two points at which to look at the gauge for the BP readings.